Mẫu câu ví dụ về thì hiện tại hoàn thành
Sim is looking for his key. He can’t find it. He has lost his key.
=> Sim mất chìa khoá = Anh ấy vừa mới mất gần đây và anh ấy chưa tìm được chìa khoá
Cấu trúc thì hiện tại hoàn thành
S + Have/has + V-ed
(V-ed = quá khứ phân từ / động từ quá khứ hoặc động từ bất quy tắc)
| l/we/they/you he/she/it | have has | finished lost done been |
*Quá khứ phân từ là động từ kết nối -ed (finished/decided etc.),
*Quá khứ phân từ còn là động từ bất quy tắt (lost/done/written)
When we say that ‘something has happened’, this is usually new information:
- Ow! I’ve cut my finger.
- The road is closed. There’s been (there has been) an accident.
- (from the news) Police have arrested two men in connection with the robbery.
When we use the present perfect, there is a connection with now. The action in the past has a result now:
- ‘Where’s your key?’ ‘I don’t know. I’ve lost it.’ (= I don’t have it now)
- He told me his name, but I have forgotten it. (= I can’t remember it now)
- ‘Is Sally here?’ ‘No, she has gone out.’ (= she is out now)
- I can’t find my bag. Have you seen it? (= Do you know where it is now?)
Note the difference between gone (to) and been (to):
Tom is on holiday. He has gone to Italy. (= he is there now or on his way there) .
Tina is back home now. She has been to Italy. (= she has now come back)
You can use the present perfect with just, already and yet.
Just =a short time ago:
- ‘Are you hungry?’ ‘No, I have just had lunch.’
- Hello. Have you just arrived?
We use already to say that something happened sooner than expected:
- ‘Don’t forget to pay your electricity bill’ ‘I have already paid it.’
- ‘What time is Mark leaving?’ ‘He has already left.’
Yet = until now. Yet shows that the speaker is expecting something to happen. Use yet only in questions and negative sentences:
- Has it stopped raining yet?
- I have written the email, but I have not sent it yet.
You can also use the past simple (did, went, had etc.) in the examples on this page. So you can say:
- ‘Is Sally here?’ ‘No, she went out.’ or ‘No, she has gone out.’
- ‘Are you hungry?’ ‘No, I just had lunch.